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- <text id=92TT0160>
- <title>
- Jan. 27, 1992: North Africa:A Prelude to Civil War?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Jan. 27, 1992 Is Bill Clinton For Real?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 30
- NORTH AFRICA
- A Prelude to Civil War?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>To turn back the fundamentalist tide, Algeria's army derails
- legislative elections and sets up a tense standoff
- </p>
- <p>By Jill Smolowe--Reported by William Dowell/Cairo and Lara
- Marlowe/Algiers
- </p>
- <p> On the day Algeria should have been holding the
- concluding round of parliamentary elections, proving that it
- could move peacefully from one-party socialist rule to a
- pluralist state, the country's military was putting the
- finishing touches on a bloodless coup d'etat. Last Thursday,
- just five days after the army forced the resignation of
- President Chadli Bendjedid, provoking the dissolution of
- parliament and cancellation of the elections that had promised
- to hand Muslim fundamentalists a legislative majority, Mohammed
- Boudiaf was sworn in as head of a military-backed, five-member
- Council of State. Boudiaf has splendid credentials--he is
- nonpartisan and a hero of Algeria's war for independence from
- France--but real power within the ruling council is likely to
- fall to the country's Defense Minister, Major General Khaled
- Nezzar.
- </p>
- <p> And there's the rub. With no clear constitutional standing
- and with allegiance from few outside the military's high
- command, the council is trying to impose its authority on a
- restless nation that could erupt any day in civil strife. Short
- of martial law, it is unlikely the council will be able to
- provide the glue for an electorate fractured along political,
- religious and ethnic lines. The Islamic Salvation Front (F.I.S.)
- shows no inclination to cooperate with the authorities who stole
- the party's electoral victory. Last week the fundamentalists
- and leaders of the two other main political parties set aside
- their differences to try to design a strategy for restoring an
- elected parliament.
- </p>
- <p> At the heart of the drama is the question of what is
- better for Algeria's democratic aspirations: a military
- intervention that claims to safeguard democratic ideals by
- robbing fundamentalists of electoral victory, or the full play
- of the electoral process, which risks empowering radical
- fundamentalists who might prove antagonistic to the
- give-and-take of democracy. After the F.I.S. swept the first
- round of voting on Dec. 26, the military was hardly alone in its
- fears that the fundamentalists might wield their legislative
- clout to impose an Islamic republic. Nearby African and Arab
- states breathed a sigh of relief after the military intrusion,
- which the Tunisian daily As-Sabah characterized as "a
- last-minute change of direction by a train heading toward the
- abyss."
- </p>
- <p> For a Western world grown accustomed to drawing facile
- distinctions between villains and heroes as it witnessed one
- political convolution after another, Algeria's crisis posed a
- jarring dilemma: Which takes precedence--democratic principles
- or geopolitical self-interest? The U.S. initially appeared to
- support the annulment of the election by contending that the
- generals, whose intervention had the support of a handful of
- civilian leaders, acted constitutionally when they appointed a
- council to fill the vacant presidency. In fact, the 1989
- Algerian constitution makes no such provision. A day later,
- officials declared that Washington would not stake out a
- position in the constitutional debate. France, which ruled
- Algeria until 1962 and still maintains close cultural ties, also
- zigged and zagged until President Francois Mitterrand concluded
- that Algeria "must at the earliest possible opportunity go back
- to a democratic process."
- </p>
- <p> Meanwhile Algeria's military men gambled on nostalgia. By
- bringing Boudiaf aboard, they hoped to create an aura of
- historical legitimacy. But Boudiaf, 72, is hardly a household
- name now. He has been absent from Algeria for the past 28 years,
- since he fled to Morocco after refusing to serve as the puppet
- President of an army-controlled government. With nearly 75% of
- Algeria's 26 million people under age 30, it is questionable
- whether young voters will grasp the symbolism.
- </p>
- <p> In his first address to the nation, Boudiaf struck a
- menacing note. "We will permit no individuals or group to claim
- a monopoly on Islam and use it to threaten the country," he
- said. Those are certain to be heard as fighting words by the
- F.I.S. As yet, the party's acting leader, Abdelkader Hachani,
- has steered clear of incendiary rhetoric that might catapult
- Islamists into the street and give the authorities a pretext to
- ban the party. Last week, when riot police surrounded the mosque
- where Hachani was conducting Friday prayers, a traditional forum
- for political messages, he counseled, "Whatever happens, do not
- react."
- </p>
- <p> Still, Hachani has declared that the 231 parliamentarians
- elected in December--188 of them fundamentalists--constitute
- the country's sole legitimate governing body. He has threatened
- to take the government to court for violating the constitution,
- and to convoke an opposition parliament.
- </p>
- <p> The least likely scenario is that Algeria's three main
- parties will sit idle and permit the Council of State to serve
- out the two remaining years of Bendjedid's aborted five-year
- term. There is also no guarantee that the army rank and file,
- more than half of whom are draftees, will support the military
- leadership. French Arabist Francois Burgat predicts that the
- army maneuver will be viewed as an attempt by a select group of
- officers to hold on to their privileges while Algeria sinks
- further into economic decay. "I would not be surprised to see
- factions of the army break away and begin fighting the officers
- who are now in power," he warns. Whatever the outcome, it is
- plain that the military has not imposed a solution--it has
- merely postponed the day of reckoning with Algeria's Islamic
- forces.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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